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3.1.1 The Views of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development

Porn 12 20 July, 1979, the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and
Rural Development (WCARRD) organized by the Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) of the United Nations was held in Rome. It was not the
objective of this conference, to which the governments of 145 nations had
sent representatives, to develop new, ideas and knowledge on that subject.
This would have required the organization of a conference of experts. The
aim of this political conference was to prepare on a world wide scale a
programme of action for agrarian reforms and rural development which would be acceptable to all. It was to show means and ways of coping with the problems of agrarian reform and rural development. At the same time, the conference, which met with world wide interest, brought to attention the
key position rural development 1 s in the overall development process.

After detailed discussions, which had partly already been conducted at preliminary conferences, the conference passed a policy statement and approved a programme of action for agrarian reform and rural development. The most important items in these two papers are summarized in the following chapter.
Man and Land
An Introduction into the Problems of Agrarian Structure and Agrarian Reform
1 AGRARIAN STRUCTURE AND AGRARIAN REFORM - THE BASIC ISSUES
1.1 AGRARIAN STRUCTURE
1.1.1 Systems of Land Tenure (Social Agrarian Structure)
1.1.1.1 Systems of Land Ownership
1.1.1.2 Systems of Labour Organization
1.1.2 Systems of Land Management
(Technical and Economic Agrarian Structure)
1.1.2.1 Conventional Factors of Production
1.1.2.2 Preconditions for Modem Agriculture
1.1.2.3 Institutional Support for Agriculture
1.2 AGRARIAN SYSTEMS
1.2.1 Tribal and Kinship Agriculture
1.2.1.1 Migratory Herding
1.2.1.2 Shifting Cultivation
1.2.2 Feudalistic Agriculture
1.2.2.1 Rental Feudalism
1.2.2.2 Latifundia (Hacienda)
1.2.3 Family Farming
1.2.4 Capitalistic Farming
1.2.5 Collectivistic Agriculture
1.2.5.1 Socialistic Agriculture
1.2.5.2 Communistic Agriculture
1.3 AGRARIAN REFORM
1.3.1 Objectives of Agrarian Reforms
1.3.2 Agrarian Reform Measures
1.3.2.1 Measures to Reform Land Ownership
1.3.2.2 Measures to Reform Land Management
1.3.3 Executing a Land Reform
1.3.4 Effects of Agrarian Reforms
1.3.4.1 Promoting Equality in the Rural Population
1.3.4.2 Increasing Income and the Living Standard
1.3.4.3 Employment Effects
1.3.4.4 Consequences for Production
1.3.4.5 Changes in Capital Formation and Investment
1.3.5 Agrarian Reforms and Development
2 MAN AND LAND IN SOUTH ASIA - A CASE STUDY
2.1 THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF LAND TENURE
2.1.1 Land Tenure in Ancient India
2.1.2 Changes in Land Tenure under British Rule
2.2 THE AGRARIAN REFORMS SINCE INDEPENDENCE
2.2.1 Agrarian Reform Measures
2.2.1.1 Abolition of the "Intermediaries"
2.2.1.2 Tenancy Reforms
2.2.1.3 Ceilings for Landed Property
2.2.2 Consequences of the Agrarian Reforms
2.3 THE GREEN REVOLUTION AND LAND TENURE
2.3.1 The Process of the Green Revolution
2.3.2 A Group specific Analysis
2.3.2.1 Small Landlords
2.3.2.2 Family Farms
2.3.2.3 Marginal Farms
2.3.2.4 Tenants
2.3.2.5 Landless labourers
2.3.3 Summary of the Implications
2.4 PRESENT LAND TENURE PROBLEMS
3 AGRARIAN REFORM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
3.1 PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
3.1.1 The Views of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development
3.1.1.1 Basic Elements of a Programme of Action
3.1.1.2 Access to Land, Water, and Other Resources
3.1.1.3 Participation of the Population
3.1.1.4 Integrating Women in Rural Development
3.1.1.5 Access to Inputs, Markets, and Services
3.1.1.6 Development of Non - agricultural Activities
3.1.1.7 Education, Training, and Extension
3.1.1.8 International Trade
3.1.1.9 Other Measures
3.2 PROBLEMS OF THE INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES - AN OUTLOOK
4 LITERATURE